Validating Operator Event Sequence Diagrams: The case of an automated vehicle to human driver handovers

Predicting what drivers will do as vehicle control is handed over to them from automation a relatively new challenge for the motor industry. Operator Event Sequence Diagrams (OESDs) offer way of modeling interactions between driver and in handover control. In this paper, two studies are presented which range strategies tested. The anticipated were modeled using OESDs serve predictions behavior. Drivers then observed separate studies: (1) Lower-Fidelity (vehicle seat controls) simulator (2) Higher-Fidelity (whole vehicle) simulator. Driver behavior during takeover task was categorized according signal detection paradigm into hits, misses, false alarms, correct rejections. results showed that all both sets studies, median criterion validity exceeded ( > 0.8), suggesting made good manual